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The estimated population of Sindh in 2014 is over 46 million. Sindh is the most urbanized and industrialized province of Pakistan. Sindh has the 2nd highest Human Development Index out of all of Pakistan's provinces at 0.628.〔()〕 The 1998 Census of Pakistan indicated a population of 30.4 million. Just under half of the population are urban dwellers, mainly found in Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah District, Umerkot and Larkana. Sindhi is the sole official language of Sindh since the 19th century. The Sindhis as a whole are composed of original descendants of an ancient population known as Sammaat, various sub-groups related to the Baloch origin are found in interior Sindh and to a lesser extent Sindhis of Pashtun origins. Sindhis of Balochi origins make up about 30% of the total Sindhi population (they however speak Sindhi as their native tongue), while Urdu-speaking Muhajirs make over 20% of the total population of the province. According to Dr. Akhtar Baloch, Professor at University of Karachi, the Balochis migrated from Balochistan during the Little Ice Age and settled in Sindh. Professor Baloch said the climate of Balochistan was very cold and the region was inhabitable during the winter so the Baloch people in waves migrated and settled in Sindh and Punjab.〔(From Zardaris to Makranis: How the Baloch came to Sindh )〕 According to the 1951 census of Pakistan, 7.2 Muslims migrated from India to Pakistan. This exchange of population had different impact within Pakistan itself. The migration of Hindus and Sikh from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab to India and the settlement of Muslim Punjabis from India in Punjab created homogeneity in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab. Balochistan remained unaffected but exchange of population but shook the demographic balance in Sindh. Approximately 1.8 million Sindhi Hindus left for India and 3 million mainly Urdu speaking North Indian Muslim refugees settled mainly in urban Sindh. In 1954, Urdu speakers constituted 20% of the population of Sindh. Unlike the refugees settling in Punjab, who spoke the same language and shared the same lifestyles, the North Indian Muslims settling in Sindh were socially, linguistically, culturally, politically and economically different from Sindhis. A significant number of Hindu Sindhis can be also found in India, they emigrated to Republic of India following religious violence during independence. Sindh's population is estimated to be roughly 50 million,〔(Sindh Population )〕 however, the 2012 Census that was later invalidated claimed 55 million. Whatever the case, Sindh is the 2nd most populous province after Punjab, and has a significantly higher population growth rate compared to Punjab. ==Languages== According to the 1998 Population Census of Pakistan following are the Major Languages of the Province〔http://www.census.gov.pk/MotherTongue.htm〕 * Sindhi 59% * Urdu 21% * Punjabi 10% (including Standard, Saraiki, Hindko, and Pahari-Potowari dialects 7%, 1%, 1% and 1% respectively) * Pashto 4% * Balochi 2% * Other languages 4%. Other languages include Kashmiri, Gujarati, Memoni, Dari, Kutchi, Khowar, Shina, Kashmiri, Bangali Thari, Lari (dialect), Jogi and Brahui. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Demographics of Sindh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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